Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development - 1325 Words

Jean Piaget developed a systematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is different from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development and not how they learn. He proposed stages of development marked more by qualitative differences than by a gradual increase in number and complexities of behavior or concepts. His goal for his theory was to explain the mechanisms a child uses from the infant stage to the growing child who develops into a thinking and reasoning individual when reasoning and using hypotheses. His theory was that cognitive development was how the brain reorganized mental processes over time d ue to biological maturation and the experiences they have in an environment. The three basic components to Piaget’s cognitive theory is schemas, adaption processes that allow the child to transition from one stage to another, and the four different stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. According to Piaget, schema is the basic building block of intelligent behavior. Schema is used to understand and respond to situations and it’s a person’s way ofShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1289 Words   |  6 Pagesare many great cognitive theorists, but the one that comes to mind is a development psychologist by the name of Jean Piaget. One of his prized declaration was in 1934, where he declared that education is capable of saving our society from collapsing whether its violent or gradual. Piaget had a key effect on education and psychology, and because of that effect he made many contribut ions to learning and to cognition. One of most important contribution was a model that was made by Piaget. This modelRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Development Theory1077 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. â€Å"He was mainly interested in the biological influences on â€Å"how we come to know’† (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about children’sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1813 Words   |  8 Pages ECH-130 Sociocultural Tables LLlllll Cognitive Development Definition Examples of Application of Concept Strategies to Support and/or Assess Learning Birth to Age 5/Pre-K Piaget Sensorimotor stage: :the first stage Piaget uses to define cognitive development. During this period, infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment. Researchers have discovered that infants have relatively well developed sensory abilities An infant who recently learned how to rollRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normalRead MorePiaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. It will focus on Piaget’s work highlighting positive attributes and how they’re being applied in modern day and also delve on key limitations of the theory. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who was interested on why children would give similar but wrong answers in an intelligence test (Vidal, 1994). Based on his observations, he concluded that children undergo sequential cognitive d evelopment patterns which occur in defined stagesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how th e newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1111 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015) Piaget believedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive developmental theories provide a framework for understanding about how children act and perceive the world. However, every theory has both strengths and weaknesses. A certain theory may explain one aspect of cognitive development very well, but poorly address or completely ignore other aspects that are just as important. Two well known theories of cognitive development are Piaget’s stage theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. As I plan to be a pediatric nurse, these two theories willRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Theory745 Words   |  3 PagesPiaget s Theory of Cognitive Development Numerous papers have been written on Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Theory. Most fall short of helping others understand what exactly Jean Piaget means when it comes to the three basic components to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. These two articles I have chosen to use in this paper, give the best explanation on his theory. This paper will go into detail on the key concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory and hopefully help others understand in its

The Role Of The Teacher s Managing Behavior With...

Behaviour stems from children actions and decisions, adults use discipline to help children make appropriate decisions about their behaviour (Hayes, 2009). This assignment aims to focus on the role of the teacher in managing behaviour with reference too, teacher-pupil relationships and the way they impact both positively and negatively on individual children, learning through reinforcement/rewards and how they influence children to behave in a particular way, rules and structure in order for children to be more comfortable in their school environment. The teacher is the key person for managing behaviour, the steer report (2005, page 22) cited in (Adams, 2010) states that consistent experience of good teaching promotes good behaviour. However schools also need to have positive strategies for managing pupil behaviour that helps pupils understand their schools expectations. Learning through reinforcement is an effective method of managing behaviour, as everyone knows children love to be rewarded and praised ‘It is recommended that something positive is said to each child at least once a day and that the whole class is praised which is used to motivate the class towards achieving a specific behavioural goal’ (Grigg, 2010). If children show a favourable behaviour then they will be given something they desire (positive reinforcement) if children display unwanted behaviours then they will have something positive taken away from them (negative reinforcement), consequently allShow MoreRelatedQualities of an Effective Teacher2093 Words   |  8 PagesWhat it means to be an effective teacher Introduction An effective teacher is someone who increases the understanding of a pupil. Effective teaching is the ability of providing instructions to students of varying abilities while incorporating instructional objectives and assessing the effective education form of students. In the evaluation of performance, efficiency on the lesson plan and technique of delivery forms form part of the criteria taken into consideration. The teachers practices thatRead MoreStrategies for Promoting Positive Behaviour According with the Policies and Procedures of the Setting17778 Words   |  72 PagesCHILDEN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR 1.1 SUMMARISE THE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF THE SETTING RELEVANT TO PROMOTING CHILDREN AND PEOPLE’S POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR When managing pupil’s behavior, all staff will need to be aware of school policies. The majority of children/young people do not present challenging behavior, and they attend a range of educational settings in environments which are conducive to learning appropriate behaviors. It is essential to ensure that behavior which does not meet school/setting’sRead MoreEssay about The Common Problem of Absenteeism in the Field of Education2505 Words   |  11 PagesThe Common Problem of Absenteeism in the Field of Education Absenteeism is a common problem encountered by teachers and others who work in the field of education. There are many reasons why some children fall into a pattern of repeated absence from school. In a number of cases, willful absence can be traced to an alienation from schooling due to poor achievement, family circumstances or behavioral causes. In some cases, parents or children simply defy the requirement to participate. This areaRead MoreField Study Episode 39378 Words   |  38 PagesEpisode 3 CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND LEARNING Name of FS Student: Shiena Mae T. Openia Course: BEED Year and Section: III Resource Teacher: Mrs. Perlita Celocia Cooperating School: Bato Primary School Your Target At the end of this activity, you will gain competence in managing time, space and resources to provide an environment which is appropriate to the learners and conducive to learning. Your Map To reach your target, do the following tasks: Your Tools 1Read MoreSchool Management12126 Words   |  49 Pages ANS 1 – Definition of School Management The term ‘management’ encompasses an array of different functions undertaken to accomplish a task successfully. In the simplest of terms, management is all about ‘getting things done’. However, it is the way and the process of how one achieves ones target or goals and it is in this respect that management is considered an art and a science as well.   Management comprises  planning,organizing,  staffing,  leading  or directing, and  controlling  an  organization  (aRead MoreGuidance and Counselling Thesis8290 Words   |  34 Pagesorientation to guidance dominated professional training and practice in our schools. The focus was on a position (counselor) and a process (counseling), not on a program (guidance). Administratively, guidance, with its position orientation, was included in pupil personnel services along with other such services as attendance, social work, psychological, psychiatric, speech and hearing, nursing, and medical (Eckerson Smith, 1966). The position orientation had its beginnings when guidance was first introducedRead MoreUnit 302 Schools and Organisations Essay examples4715 Words   |  19 PagesIn the UK all children aged between 3 and 4 years have the right to receive the minimum of 15 hours education which can be used between 3 and 5 days per week. There are many ways that this can be pro vided. * Nursery schools These are stand alone schools for children ages 3 to 4 years old. Some have their own head teacher and trained nursery staff, and may be state funded; however there are also privately run nursery schools. * Nursery classes These are attached to a primary school and usuallyRead MoreThe Learning Theories of Skineer, Brunner and Maslow.4710 Words   |  19 Pagesthe knowledge of how we learn, how are we to understand its importance for learners and their abilities to grasp the information being given? This definition of learning implies three objectives: 1. that learning must change the student in some way; 2. that this change comes about as a result of experience; 3. that this is a change in the student’s potential behaviour; Cohen et al. (2003:15) I intend to explore three theories of learning - the behaviourist approach of Frederic SkinnerRead MoreFactors Affecting the Low Performance in National Achievement Test of Grade 6 Pupils6433 Words   |  26 Pagesoutcome.   6.Auditors must be avoided as they can cheat you very easily if you are a duffer in maths.   7.All the constructions on earth require mathematics. Wherever you go, whatever you do, you are using math daily without even realizing it. Sure teachers, parents, and adults tell students this on a regular basis. But, what do they know? Have you honestly thought about how math is involved in your everyday? If you take twenty minutes to ponder the notion of math in your life, you might just startRead MoreThe Path Towards The Completion Of This Dissertation9598 Words   |  39 Pagesare truly a remarkable person, and I am so glad you are in my life. I would also like to thank Dr. Rebecca Wood, Dr. Keena Inman, and Dr. Tammy Stewart. Thank you for your encouragement and support. I also would like to thank the principals and teachers of Cumberland County who participated in this study for their openness and time. As I share my findings, I hope others see what an amazing group of educators Cumberland County truly has. A very special thank you to Marti. Without your help and

Look closely at Jonathan Harker Essay Example For Students

Look closely at Jonathan Harker Essay There is also a man in the carriage with a strange mask on. The mask is made up of coins. In the past people used to put coins on the eyes of dead people to keep out spirits this conveys the idea that the people know something is un-natural about the area. The lady hands something to Jonathan. An insert shot shows what the lady handed to Jonathan. A crucifix, to protect from evil spirits, then we see a reaction shot where Jonathan looks confused. Then we hear a foreign voice say something that we dont understand, a subtitle on the bottom of the screen says, For the dead travel fast This means that although Jonathan isnt dead, he has travelled fast like a dead person would. The director had the lady say this to create the impression that Jonathan is in some sort of danger. Then the masked man slams the door shut and the driver makes a noise urging the horses to move. A long shot/ straight angle shot of Jonathan makes him seem small against the surroundings and very vulnerable. A long shot/ high angle shot of a wooden post, marks his journey. We hear wind in the background followed by a clash of thunder. Then we see Jonathan looking at the sky or the post, we cant tell which one. We hear a screeching noise which gets louder until we hear a crash of thunder and lightning lights up the face of the creature on the post, which I think is a bat that could be connected with Dracula but others say it is a wolf. The creature on the post could be warning people to stay away. That entire scene creates tension; again leading us to believe Jonathan is in danger. A wolf jumps from the middle of the screen toward the left of the screen. The close up/straight angle shot of the wolf makes it seem very dangerous. The main light is from the wolfs eyes and again it is an eerie blue light reminiscent of lights earlier in the scene. We can hear the wolves howling and growling at Jonathan. The growling becomes more constant. Then a coach comes towards him and it shocks him, but you dont hear it until the last second. The carriage looks like a funeral cart and is being pulled by four jet-black horses that appear to be floating. There is a mysterious figure driving the carriage. Under the coach we can see swirling mists that gives us the impression that the horse and carriage is un-natural. Then we see a medium shot/ straight angle shot of the driver. He is wearing a cape with a large collar. His coat overlaps like armour or scales giving the audience the impression that the driver may not be human. A hand reaches out for Jonathan and the camera moves and focuses in on Jonathan. The only light is from an oil lamp in the carriage. The hand reaches out for Jonathan. It is very long and unlike anything human. While the hand is reaching out for Jonathan, he looks very stunned and stands motionless. The hand rests on his shoulder and grabs him. Instead of guiding Jonathan into the carriage, it appears that the driver just picks Jonathan up and puts him in the carriage. The door shuts itself, which is weird. The next shot is a reaction shot. Jonathan looks pale and the only source of light is from Jonathans face. We hear a crack of a whip and the horses neigh. The driver is wearing a helmet that is shaped like a bird or it may not be a helmet. Jonathan then looks up at the driver and says Driver, is the castle far? Jonathan gets no reply from the driver. Instead the driver replies with a grunt. .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .postImageUrl , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:hover , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:visited , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:active { border:0!important; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:active , .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45 .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua15d94e0f61f12b5f0c5c8358b06dc45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English Coursework Essay ConclusionMaking the audience think that the driver is not human. The director chose to do this to show that no human would go there. The driver is shrouded by mist so we cant really tell, what he is. Then we go back to a close up shot of Jonathan looking down at a precipitous mountainside. On the mountainside, rocks and stones are falling down and the wheels of the carriage are extremely close to the side of the cliff. The director chose to do this to show the instability of the cliff face. During the scene, we can still hear the horses moving and rattling and the neigh of the horses. Then we see a close up of Jonathan back in the carriage where he looks concerned. We then see a large castle, which looks like someone sitting on a throne, watching over the landscape. The director chose to do this to show Dracula has some power. We can see the horses approaching the castle. The next scene is where the horses are just arriving at the castle. Blue rings rise from the ground as the horses enter the castle grounds. The rings look and sound like a rush of gas or electricity. We see a shot through the rings, of the horse and carriage. We get the impression that Dracula is strange because he has strange things about him: The eerie blue light, the eye watching Jonathan and the castle shaped like somebody sitting watching over the landscape. Then we see a close up of Jonathan looking at the rings with a look of curiosity on his face. Then we can hear the mechanism of the gates as they start to close. The gates appear to look like claws, closing and trapping Jonathan in. Then there is a clash as the gates go together, followed by a period of silence in which the audience is left to ponder what could be in store for Jonathan. In this assignment I looked at Jonathan Harkers journey to Draculas castle. I looked at how Coppala created a sense of danger around Jonathan by using camera angles, background music and special effects. The director uses lighting, wolves and an orange sky to make the audience think Jonathan is in danger, and an eye, which seems to be watching Jonathan on numerous occasions throughout the clip. The eye in the peacocks feather, the eye on the map and the eye when hes on the train are just a few of the incidents, which create a sense of danger. I think that Coppala does a good job in creating the sense of danger because the audience still thinks something is not right about Jonathans journey. At the end of the clip Coppala uses the claw shaped gates to give us the impression that Jonathan is trapped which I think is very effective.

Telecommunications In Korea Essays - Verizon Communications, Chaebol

Telecommunications In Korea INTRODUCTION Telecommunications is a tool providing information services to both private and public sectors. It is highly involved in society and helps a society grow and flourish. It affects the ideals and trends of a society and, thus, is a very important factor in a growing country. With an area of 99,019 square kilometers, and a current population of 44.6 million people, the Republic of Korea is a great challenge to connect through telecommunication tools and projects. Even with such a great expanse of land and peoples, Korea has succeeded in becoming the eighth most advanced country in telecommunications. There are 337 telephones per 1000 people with an annual growth rate of 15.6% for residential subscribers, 10.1 % for commercial subscribers and 245 for leased line data services. Thus, the question of how Korea accomplished this in just a little over a decade comes to mind. In this paper, I will give an overview of the developments of the Korean telecommunications industry. Then through other literary sources along with the telecommunications background information, I will show how the Korean Governments practice of deregulation and liberalization has spurred on competition and, henceforth, progress in the Korean telecommunications industry. CHAPTER 1: History of Telecommunications The first form of telecommunications in Korea began in 1885 with the first telegraph which linked Seoul and Inchon which were located 35 km apart. The periods of telecommunication development can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, 1885 to 1961, there was limited telegraph and telephone service available. They were mainly for official business service. The Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945 and the Korean War from 1950 to 1953 stagnated telecommunication progress (Lee et.al 1). Only 120,000 telephone lines were installed in this period, supplying a minimal fraction of 0.4 phones per 100 persons. In the second stage, 1962 to 1981, significant progress in telecommunications occurred. The government improved basic communications facilities by connecting rural areas by phone and by creating training centers for telecommunication employees to keep the phone lines running smoothly. Telephone subscriber lines increased to 4.1 million lines offering 8.4 phones per 100 people. More importantly, long-distance telephone calling circuits were boosted from 1,177 to 88,571 circuits, while international calling circuits were increased from 12 to 274 (Lee, et. al 2). During this period, the government installed the micro-wave network in 1967 and the scatter transmission network between Japan and Korea in 1968. The first two satellite earth stations were built during this period. In addition, a coaxial cable was installed to bring an automatic telephone call service between major cities. In 1979, the electronic switching system (ESS) was introduced to aid with the increasing number of phone subscriptions. The third stage, occurring from 1982 to the present, illustrates a huge and dynamic change in the telecommunications industry. First, in 1982 to 1986 an addition of 6.2 telephone lines were installed. Within this period, the participation of Korea in the Asian Games and the 1988 Olympics placed telecommunications at a high demand. With the 10th Asian Games in 1986, an integrated automatic switching system was introduced. The capability to install telephones immediately upon request became available. The 1988 Olympics brought the idea of launching Korea's own satellite in mind. Although a satellite was not launched during this period, it made the idea more of a future plan. Government Policies and Telecommunication Companies The development of Korea's information society cannot be separated from the development of the Korean government policies. This is because all telecommunication sources were once controlled by the Korean government. Then as years went on, the government loosened its reigns for other private and publicly owned companies to develop telecommunication products which they could themselves market. This decrease in government control resulted to a more competitive environment where progress prospered. In the early 1980's, the Korean government Ministry of Communications (MOC) restructured the public telecommunications sector which led to the transfer of government operated telecommunications to a public corporation, Korea Telecommunication Authority (KTA) (Seo 154). Later in 1982, telecommunication powers were also given to a private company entitled the Data Communications Corporation of Korea (DACOM). This was a turning point for the telecommunications industry. Now the government did not have total control over the industry. More importantly, later

Native Americans in the Civil essays

Native Americans in the Civil essays Native Americans in the Civilized Land There were different ways of getting the message across, but the views expressed when it came to the different images and texts relating to Native Americans were all the same. Indians were savage people that needed to be civilized. It seemed like the only purpose the Indians served once America was conquered was to be trading partners with the Europeans and to be converted to Christianity. Other than that, the Indians were either attacked or ridiculed by the colonists. I was surprised at how the Indians had to face such harsh and difficult situations, yet somehow they still stood strong. The different texts scorned the Indian population through different techniques. I tried to analyze how they were written, but it was hard to determine the viewpoint of such works as the essay Indian/Non-Indian Relations. I first decided that it had to be written from a Native Americans viewpoint because it discussed how brutally the Europeans treated them and how they were ostracized from the colonies, but then I changed my mind after reading many Indians died a wonderful plague of smallpox (Indian Relations). I simply refused to believe that a Native American could write those words, even if he was writing the Puritans viewpoint. It was a shocking thing for me as a reader. I knew that this work was biased, but at times it got hard to figure out which side was being supported. After reading William Byrds text, I saw that he had the same views on Indians as the essay writer, but he chose to be nice and describe a few admirable traits before abruptly attacking the Indians, calling them indolent wretches, and using a humorous tone to ridicule the Indians because they depend entirely upon the English, not only for their trade but even for their subsistence (Byrd). Byrd made sure that the Indian...

How to Ask Your Parents for Money in College

How to Ask Your Parents for Money in College Asking your parents for money while youre a college student is never easy or comfortable. Sometimes, however, the costs and expenses of college are more than you can handle. If youre in a situation where you need to ask your parents (or grandparents, or whomever) for some financial help while in school, these  suggestions should help make the situation a little easier. 6 Tips for Asking for Financial Help Be honest. This is probably the most important. If you lie and say you need money for rent but dont use the money for rent, what are you going to do when you really do need money for rent in a few weeks? Be honest about why you are asking. Are you in an emergency? Do you want a little money for something fun? Have you totally mismanaged your money and run out before the semester ended? Is there a great opportunity you dont want to miss but cant afford?Put yourself in their shoes. Most likely, you know how they are going to react. Will they be worried about you because you had a car accident and need money to fix your car so you can continue to drive to school? Or furious because you  blew your entire semesters loan check within the first few weeks of school? Put yourself in their situation and try to imagine what theyll be thinking and open to when you finally ask. Knowing what to expect will help you know how to prepare.Know if youre asking for a gift or a loan. You know you nee d money. But do you know if you are going to be able to pay them back? If you aim to  reimburse them, let them know how youll do so. If not, be honest about that, too. Be grateful for the help youve already received. Your parents may be angels or well not. But, most likely, they have sacrificed something money, time, their own luxuries, energy to make sure you made it to school (and can stay there). Be grateful for what theyve done already. And if they cant give you money but can offer other support, be grateful for that, too. They may be doing the best they can, just like you.Think about how to avoid your situation again. Your parents may be hesitant to give you money if they think youre going to be in the same situation next month or next semester. Think about how you got in your current predicament and what you can do to avoid a repeat and let your parents know your plan of action for doing so.Explore other options if possible. Your parents may want to give you money and help out, but it just may not be a possibility. Think about what other options you have, from an on-campus job to an emergency loan from the financial aid office, that can help. Your parents will appreciate knowing that youve looked into other sources besides them.

The efficiency of teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The efficiency of teaching - Essay Example While talking about the affective considerations, one can not simply skip the theory of reflective judgement. The three level model of Van Manen’s curriculum development, in which emancipatory ideals are to question and analyse the assumptions, values and presuppositions as a means of interpreting the nature and quality of educational experience requires much attention at this juncture. (as cited in A. Moon, 1999, p. 17) A teacher’s feeling at home in the class room which was considered at the outset as an awkward moves by the author was understood quite effective later as the teacher completely absorbed herself in the situation with her students. (Van Manen, 1995, p. 46) Imagine a little boy or girl asking scores of questions with the parent. Is the kid a teacher and the parent a pupil? The flow of knowledge in this example is undoubtedly from the person who answers. Like that, if pupils in classroom were allowed or even obligated to ask questions, can’t we exce l in our pedagogy? The traditional notion that teaching is imparting knowledge in one direction has a long time back faded. Early in 1970s the didactic authoritarianism dispensing instant learning surfaced the point of evolutionary realisation. Many advocates of discovery learning began to see teacher more as observers than as participants in the transactions of classrooms. (Stones and Morris, 1972, p. 52) In conventional teaching methods teachers simply forced the students to be more attentive to acquire knowledge.

Management accounting and control (s-12 -1-4)) Coursework

Management accounting and control (s-12 -1-4)) - Coursework Example In this control model, there are several actions that ought to be subjected to control as argued by Otley and Berry (1980). In their argument, the authors point out four conditions of control. i. Existence of clear organisation’s objectives ii. The outputs of the budgetary process should be measurable iii. The effect of the control actions must be predictable iv. The organisation should be able to implement a corrective action throughout the budgetary process. Existence of clear organisation’s objectives Management of public and large private organisations is sometime hard to attain the desired ends. Activities and various operations should be monitored closely and action should be taken in order to achieve the intended objectives. Objectives drive an organisation in pursuing any activity. It dictates what ought to be done at specific period of time. An organisation has objectives and subsidiary objectives that influence its course of actions. Setting clear objectives i s one of the functions of modern management both in private and public sector. Measurement of goal attainment both financially and in terms of meeting demands of stakeholders is paramount. The issue of goal attainment cannot be achieved without confronting the issue of organisation’s effectiveness and efficiency, which means have direct effect on organisation’s budget (Bunce et al., 1995). The extent to which clear objectives apply in the context of budgeting As suggested by Otley and Berry (1980), objectives for budgetary process under control must exist; otherwise without them the control process is meaningless to the organisation. Well defined objectives compel an organisation to work without certain resource and time constraints. Most organisations around the world defined their objectives which ought to be achieved within budgeted resources. The objectives act a guide to the utilization of the existing resources as reflected in the budget. The authors further sugg est that the budgeting control process is influenced directly by the objectives to be attained during a specified period of time. It is demeaning for organisation to spend its resources on unbudgeted things since it will undermine the attainment of well defined objectives. Without objectives, the budgeting process will be aimless hence the entire concept of budgetary control becomes inappropriate. As the business operations progresses, an organisation continually monitors the world around and compares its current state with its objectives. Is the organisation in the correct route in respect to its budgeting process? Is its spending within the appropriate budget limit? Is the organisation avoiding resource strain? The objectives helps an organisation makes a budgetary observations by the use of measurable aspects of budget. The outputs of the budgetary process should be measurable Most literature advocate for adoption of performance based budgeting (PBP) as a primary way of attaining efficiency in the management of public resources. The sole aim of this concept is to link performance information with effective management and allocation of public or organisational resources. It emphasizes the significance of singling out measurable outcomes and effectively allocating resources to facilitate the realization of these outcomes. According to Otley

Carlisle fieldwork write up Essay Example for Free

Carlisle fieldwork write up Essay How our data was collected: We all split up and positioned ourselves in different places of Carlisle’s CBD. We then approached different members of the public and to make it fair we chose different age groups, gender, and closed style questions. This is known as using stratified sampling. We used a questionnaire which consisted of 3 questions, so it was nice and quick so that we wouldn’t hold people up during their day out. For the distance Q we had pre-selected margins so it made it easy to record the results for each person without putting down the exact distance and instead using a rough estimate which was sufficient for this exercise. How our methods of data collection could have been improved: We could have chosen to do the questionnaire at various times during the day so we would gain a fair representation of the different groups of people visiting Carlisle during the whole day, and therefore making our results much more reliable. Also we could have covered a much larger area and retained a lot more results and variety of results. Methods to represent data: We used a table to record the questionnaire results with the no. Of person down the side with the 3 questions as the columns with the answers jotted down. It was a good way to record the results as it is easy to read from and make assumptions. In conclusion I believe the questionnaire we used to obtain our results was a good way of collecting the information as it made it easy to read from and to notice patterns in the results. Although there are some ways in which the investigation could have been improved such as spending more time interviewing people or covering a much larger area, or just asking them more questions such as what method of transport they used to travel to Carlisle on that day. 2nd Human Study: Aim: To see if pedestrian numbers peak at lunchtime. Annotated Sketch Map of the study area: image01. png How our data was collected: We positioned ourselves at the desired point just outside the main shopping area of the centre of Carlisle. It was a reasonably busy area of the town. We recorded each person who passed around us as designated by the survey area in the sketch map above. How our methods of data collection could have been improved: We could have taken more surveys around different places around the city centre to obtain more reliable results. We could have noted down what age groups the passer bys were. Also we could have taken the survey over more time periods to obtain more reliable results. E. g. 9:00, 12:00, 3:00, 6:00, and 9:00. Methods to represent data: We noted down the results in a table so it is easy to read from and comment by understanding it correctly. We used a tally system also so that recording the numbers was simpler as it took less time as we could count up the final result at the end of each survey. In conclusion I believe the method we used to collect the data was the most efficient way of doing so as it was quick and it meant that we wouldn’t let anyone pass by unnoticed. To improve this study we could have recorded how many children and elderly passed by marking them with a different colour or symbol to see which kind of people walked these areas at that time of the day.

Bridge of Montenegro :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I think about my unforgettable experiences in Montenegro, there is always one image that reoccurs in my mind. That picture is the bridge in the river that we used to go swimming in. This bridge does not have a name, however, that does not decrease its importance to the residents that live in that area. It holds various historical facts, information, and stories. Although it is too small to carry automobiles, it allows people to get from one city to the other without driving there. Many people in Montenegro do not have cars or any other means of transportation, so in order for them to get to their desired destination, they must take the bridge. This bridge carried farmer’s cows and sheep’s and led them to their pasture every morning and night. In spite of the fact that cars could not fit through, horses hauled produce over the bridge to nearby markets. The bridge helped people, animals, and food get to where they needed to go instead of taking the streets and risk g etting robbed or hit. Things have changed since the seventy – year old bridge was built. Nowadays it is considered a historic site and diving board to tourists and the citizens. I have noticed the bridge and scenery change before my eyes through the years that I have visited it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I never would have thought it could alter the way it has. Not too long ago, this bridge was the only means of transportation for the natives of Montenegro. When I was younger, I remember the condition of the bridge was as if it were just built. The screws were all in the right places, tightly fastened, and the metal had barely began to chip off. After revisiting this place numerous times, I noticed some distinct transitions. Years later, I observed the transformation of the metal beginning to rust and peel off. Along with that, the nuts and bolts have slowly begun to unscrew themselves due to erosion and time. I remember climbing the surrounding cliffs that led to the bridge and the jumping off of it along with the other children. At that time, doing so was easy. The rocks were a bit difficult to climb, however, with the help of wearing sneakers; it made it a bit easier to ascend. The bridge was built on the peak of the crag, making it accessible to all thrill see kers.

My Sister’s Keeper Essay

In the movie, My Sister’s Keeper, a suspenseful journey through a 13 year old’s push for medical emancipation. Anna, Sara, and Kate Fitzgerald get bumps and bruises from arguing over the overall morals of Kate Fitzgerald’s life. Being an ongoing fighter of leukemia, Anna, the youngest child of Brian and Sara Fitzgerald, go through a seemingly endless process arguing over their leukemia-stricken daughter Kate’s life. Throughout the whole movie, the setting is either in general, Rhode Island or in Providence Hospital where Kate goes for chemotherapy by Dr.  Chance. A suspense filled movie, Nick Cassavetes creates a drama filled movie. During one of the final scenes of this magnificent movie, Kate and Anna are sitting outside of their home in the grass on a blanket. Kate is explaining to Anna all of the thoughts that have been going through her mind for the past few months. Cassavetes includes a flashback of Anna catching Kate locked in her room drinking and doing drugs. Kate was blasting rock music and oblivious to the harm that she was causing her leukemia-stricken body. Not ever was Anna able to put two and two together to realize that Kate did not want to live and suffer with pain every minute of her cancer-full life. As a whole, this scene is etched into the film well. The overall purpose of this scene, after all of the tension, is to show a more sensitive side of the movie. This is brought out, especially when Kate is braiding Anna’s hair, furthermore symbolizing the cancer that has inflicted Kate. This scene also portrays the stronger side of Kate through the movie. Throughout the movie, Kate was always worried about never getting a boyfriend because she had no hair. For the majority of the scene, the distance of the camera follows a pattern. The camera would begin far away and then goes close-up to a certain character. The director chose to do both close-ups and long shots in order to show the proportion difference between Anna’s perspective and Kate’s. Kate can then be seen by viewers as the aggressor in the scene. The camera movement varies throughout the scene. When the director wants to convey the amount of tension in the act, he pans the camera. This type of camera movement is key to showing the unlimited amount of tension present in this scene. The director would focus on how Anna felt beat when she finds out that after all of the donations and surgeries that she had been through, her sister wants to over intoxicate herself. Low-angle shots are used by the actors who would look up into the sky and reminisce. The director uses this angle to exemplify the amount of thinking that Kate does about her life and her future. Overall the purpose of the various camera angles and movement is to draw the audience members into the movie and make is seem as though they are with the characters. Throughout the scene, the lighting varies. The director mainly uses three-point lighting around Kate and Anna to light up and enhance the entire scene. He most likely illustrates this form of lighting to add depth to the surrounding of the two main characters and keep the characters visible at all times of the scene. When the director wants to make a clip seem darker and more serious to the viewers, he uses film noir. This type of lighting is used when Anna catches Kate drinking in her room and blasting rock music in her room. Without this dark lighting, the clip wouldn’t seem as rigid as it should appear. All in all, lighting in this specific scene of My Sister’s Keeper is extremely important to exemplify the scene. The costumes play a major part in this scene. Although the attire seems like clothes that the average teenager would wear on a daily basis, it shows the calm setting of this part of the scene. When Anna finds her sister in her room drinking, Kate was wearing all black and her makeup was running down her face and Anna was in her pajamas. With all of this said, the costumes worn in the scene are substantial for the viewers because it helps them understand the sisters have fights on and off. The set of the movie doesn’t take place in California, but in a studio. Although the scene appears to be located in the city of fame, in actuality it is shot using green screens. If the did take place in the authentic location, the director would have a harder time getting perfect lighting. The majority of the time, the sky was a perfect blue and had just the right amount of clouds. Even though the set is green-screened, the scene is much better because of the computed generated graphics like the sky and the clouds that are produced, From the beginning to the end, the scene has an assortment of different kinds of editing from montage to cut transitions. When the director wanted to separate the two sections of the scene, he cut the two to show the difference in the two sections. When the director was wrapping this scene up, he faded this scene out. In conculsion, this scene, hands down, is the most valuable part of the movie. All of the thought in camera angles, lighting, costumes, set, editing, and sound came together to shape a brilliant scene. All of these elements allowed the audience to capture a â€Å"big-sister moment†, especially when she is braiding her hair and telling her memorable stories. Without this, the movie would not have been complete. I believe that this scene was necessary to bridge the gap between the tension-full scenes to the scene when Kate dies. All in all, the director’s cinematic techniques in the scene portray the themes of love and friendship beautifully in the film.

Your development and Environmental Influences

The personal development as a child had an impact of my social perception as an adult that provided me with a sense of awareness of culture. The family unit experienced at childhood provided a platform that interacted with siblings and a mother and father. The positive and negative relationships between siblings produced a challenging environment for social learning. The atmosphere was unbalance that could also be defined as fractured during the most intense interaction with family members. The relationships between my mother and father provided a stern perception of leadership and organization within the family unit (Winnicott, 2003). The perceived leadership and organization model my parents incorporated showcased my mother very unsocialable and connecting to her children. This in part relationship created an uneasy atmosphere that limited the social connectivity with outside members of the family. An ongoing challenge for development was to take what was not given as child into adulthood. The relationship with my mother was focusing on the bread and butter of survival. Those areas of focus were keeping food on the table and a place to call home – that did not include a social connection with her children. In doing so, the skills needed to learn how to connect and interpret behavioral trends were not development as a child. The language opportunity that normally begins during childhood didn’t offer much of advancement. Mainly, the reason for the limited language skills was due to my mother being raised in a small town that had limited resources or highly educated people. Therefore, the need to expand on learning strong language was not encourage or sought after to better the existence of her children. The relationship with my father was limited as well as to develop critical social identity development that he was hardly around. The limited interaction provided a sense of loss to self identity and the self concept due to no real foundation developed with my father. The relationship was not a consisted bridge between my mother and father because there was no parallel universe of social building towards their children. Instead, my father felt that my mother should lead and make the decisions of connecting with the children to present a hard approach at all times. My father would take the occasionally approach to put his foot down but were more interested in other matters that centered on his existence. The family unit experience was a major deficient in the social identity development needed for the growth of an individual. The interactions between family members instill the psycho-social-culture environment that translates adulthood. The limited social building relationships as a child provided my teenage years quite difficult due to trying to understanding the definition of the human being. The combination of the relationships between my families provided an incorrect prism of the actual world that was corrected as an older age approached. The fundamental basis of social rendering is the understanding of how our family structure is one out of many ingredients to defining who we really are as individuals. In addition, the family unit is important only on the basis for providing an identity to how adults and children interact that are genetic related. This biological relationship poses an in-depth psycho-social-culture awareness to making sure the trends, styles; perceptions are embedded in one’s mind. Moreover, the benefit of the family unit impression on a child is an opportunity to redefine one’s individual perception on other people as well as experiences (Winnicott, 2003). The developmental psychology stage is crucial to allowing the child to grow as an adult with the basis of the family unit influence, however, the experiences later on in life provides a chance to create a new reality. The stages of individual’s development that opens up a perception windfall to present a newer understanding to interpersonal skills – that encourages the needed growth for long-term achievement. The benefit of understanding the roles that our family units play in the beginning actually empowers us to being able to restructure later years of maturity. In reaching the plateau of achievement for social growth is the number of experiences that human beings encounter that has additional impact as the family unit. The overall focus of what our mother and father did not do is not as important as compared to allowing newer experiences to redirect our mindset. The core vision to be focused on is the ability to learn the lessons that our family unit as a child presented and provide a deeper psychology terminology that doesn’t limits the journey (Winnicott, 2003). The most influential groups that assisted in the growth of social developmental growth is the church, community organizations, school parenting groups of development, and toastmasters. The organizations provided an opportunity to grow as child, teenager, and later on as an adult that empowered my mindset. The benefits of associating with the organizations provided a sense of what is most important to human growth – that learning something new that is different than something is a good thing. The overall perception also allowed a chance to redefine what was shown and taught as a child to create a different observation. The experiences as an adult introduced new and exciting individuals that opened up a wonderful projection to what was true and not a false pretense. Furthermore, the connection of meeting new people and experiencing new episodes of life provided a wealth of new understanding. The final analysis is that the key is having the willingness to learning a new perspective of social interaction that nurtures one’s human growth.

Amending the constitution essays

Amending the constitution essays Many criminals set in jail for months before getting their trial heard. This is a very long process for criminal and the justice system. This costs the tax payers millions of dollars each year. This tends to be very frustrating for the criminal and other individuals taking part in the case. My proposed topic is to amend the sixth amendment and put in a stipulation. This stipulation is that the criminal at must be given a trial no more than four days from the time they had been put in jail. The sixth amendment says that In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jusry of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shal have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense (Politics in America 512). In other words this says a criminal case must be given a speedy and public trial, prohibits a long period of being in jail. This amendment needs to be amended for several reasons. One of the most important ones is to save money. Many criminals are held for several weeks without out even hearing when their trial will be. This cost the tax payers millions of dollars every single year. With this proposal in amending the sixth amendment will save millions of d ollars every year. There are many other things the cities, states, and nation could do with this saved money. Another reason this needs to be amended is because it is cruel to be put in jail and not be proven guilty yet. Everyone has their own interpretation of that tough. If this was interpreted by a justice to be cruel punishment this would violates the eighth amendment. The jails are also beginning to get over crowded. If the accused criminals could get t...

The Meaning of Leaf Names in Latin or Greek

The Meaning of Leaf Names in Latin or Greek The following words are used in plant names to describe the leaves or foliage of plants. The basic Latin word for leaf is folium. Since folium is a neuter noun, the plural ends in a (folia). Botanically, folius is used as an adjective, as well. Foliatus, the masculine adjectival form of the Latin word for leaf, means leaved. The feminine adjectival form is foliata and the neuter is foliatum. If youre interested in picking up Latin vocabulary, strip the folius word from each entry on the following list. Example: In the case of acuminatifolius, stripping out folius leaves acuminat- plus a connecting vowel i. Acuminat- is from the past participle of acumino, -are, -avi, -atus which translates into English as to sharpen or to make sharp. Acuminat- may be familiar to you from the English word acumen. A acuminatifolius (leaves tapering gradually to a point) acuminatifolia acuminatifolium acutifolius (pointed leaves) acutifolia acutifolium aequifolius (equal leaves) aequifolii aequifolium afoliatus (without leaves) afoliata afoliatum albifolius (white leaved) albifolia albifolium alternifolius (alternating leaves) alternifolia alternifolium amplexifolius (leaves clasped [amplector to wind around, surround]) amplexifolia amplexifolium amplifolius (large leaved) amplifolia amplifolium angustifolius (narrow leaved) angustifolia angustifolium argutifolius (sharply toothed leaves) argutifolia argutifolium auriculifolius (leaves like an ear auricula - the ear, diminutive) auriculifolia auriculifolium B bifoliatus (with two leaves) bifoliata bifoliatum bipennifolius (two feathered leaves) bipennifolia bipennifolium brevifolius (short leaved) brevifolia brevifolium C capillifolius (hairy leaved) capillifolia capillifolium centifolius (100 leaves) centifolia centifolium cerefolius (wax leaved) cerefolia cerefolium chlorifolius (light green leaved) chlorifolia chlorifolium confertifolius (dense leaved) confertifolia confertifolium cordifolius (heart shaped leaves) cordifolia cordifolium crassifolius (thick leaved) crassifolia crassifolium cuneifolius (leaves tapered to the base) cuneifolia cuneifolium curtifolius (shortened leaves) curtifolia curtifolium cuspidifolius (stiff pointed leaves) cuspidifolia cuspidifolium cymbifolius (boat shaped leaves) cymbifolia cymbifolium D densifolius (densely leaved) densifolia densifolium distentifolius (distended leaves) distentifolia distentifolium diversifolius (many shaped leaves) diversifolia diversifolium E ensifolius (sword shaped leaves) ensifolia ensifolium exilifolius (small leaved) exilifolia exilifolium F falcifolius (sickle shaped leaves) falcifolia falcifolium filicifolius (fern like leaves) filicifolia filicifolium filifolius (thread like leaves) filifolia filifolium flabellifolius (fan shaped leaves) flabellifolia flabellifolium foliaceus (leafy, resembling a leaf) foliacea foliaceum foliolosus (having small leaves) foliolosa foliolosum foliosior (leafier) foliosior foliosius foliosissimus (leafiest) foliosissima foliosissimum foliosus (leafy) foliosa foliosum G gracilifolius (slender leaved) gracilifolia gracilifolium graminifolius (grass leaved) graminifolia graminifolium grandifolius (large leaved) grandifolia grandifolium I integrifolius (leaves entire) integrifolia integrifolium L latifolius (broad leaved) latifolia latifolium laxifolius (loose leaved) laxifolia laxifolium linearifolius (linear leaves) linearifolia linearifolium longifolius (long leaves) longifolia longifolium M millefoliatus (with 1,000 leaves) millefoliata millefoliatum millefolius (1,000 leaved) millefolia millefolium minutifolius (small leaved) minutifolia minutifolium mucronifolius (sharp pointed leaves) mucronifolia mucronifolium multifolius (many leaved) multifolia multifolium O oblongifolius (oblong leaves) oblongifolia oblongifolium obtusifolius (blunt leaves) obtusifolia obtusifolium oppositifolius (leaves opposite) oppositifolia oppositifolium ovalifolius (oval leaves) ovalifolia ovalifolium P parvifolius (small leaves) parvifolia parvifolium paucifolius (few leaved) paucifolia paucifolium perfoliatus (leaves joined around stem) perfoliata perfoliatum pinguifolius (fat leaves) pinguifolia pinguifolium planifolius (flat leaved) planifolia planifolium Q quadrifolius (4 leaved) quadrifolia quadrifolium R rectifolius (erect leaves) rectifolia rectifolium reflexifolius (reflexed leaves) reflexifolia reflexifolium remotifolius (leaves distant from each other) remotifolia remotifolium renifolius (kidney shaped leaves) renifolia renifolium rhombifolius (diamond shaped leaves) rhombifolia rhombifolium rotundifolius (round leaves) rotundifolia rotundifolium rubrifolius (red leaves) rubrifolia rubrifolium S sagittifolius (arrow shaped leaves) sagittifolia sagittifolium setifolius (with bristly leaves) setifolia setifolium simplicifolius (simple leaved) simplicifolia simplicifolium spathulifolius (spatula shaped leaves) spathulifolia spathulifolium spiculifolius (spiky leaves) spiculifolia spiculifolium subrotundifolius (leaves less round) subrotundifolia subrotundifolium T tenuifolius (slender leaved) tenuifolia tenuifolium teretifolius (cylindrical leaves) teretifolia teretifolium ternifolius (leaves in 3) ternifolia ternifolium tortifolius (twisted leaves) tortifolia tortifolium trifoliatus (3 leaved) trifoliata trifoliatum trifoliolatus (trifoliolate) trifoliolata trifoliolatum trifolius (3 leaves) trifolia trifolium U undulatifolius (wavy edged leaves) undulatifolia undulatifolium unifoliatus (one leaf) unifoliata unifoliatum unifolius (one leaf) unifolia unifolium V variifolius (variegated leaves) variifolia variifolium villifolius (hairy leaves) villifolia villifolium viridifolius (green leaved) viridifolia viridifolium

Manage change task 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Manage change task 2 - Research Paper Example In most cases, organizational change tends to be radical and can lead to reorientation of the business. Organisational change tends to be deep seated, thereby impacting the stakeholders of the company as well (Smith, Vasudevan and Tanniru). Organisational change is based on external factors and these factors impact the organisation and also act as driving forces in a number of times. Benefits of Change Specialists: Change in an organisation means an impact on the processes of an organisation. This impact can be very wide spread or simply concentrated on one aspect of the business; however it does create major ripples in the organisation. Consulting or hiring a change consultant is crucial for a business attempting change and the benefits of hiring a change consultant is very high (Hiatt and Creasey). Firstly, change management consultants are experienced and well versed with the various aspects and change and have clear resources as well as methods of dealing with change. Also, chang e management consultants have the expertise to manage communication within the organisation, which is crucial. Change is not well accepted in most organisations and having a change consultant, who can communicate the change details effectively, makes the process smoother and more effective (Nelson and Aaron). Consultants of change also design the communication plans, training and development plans, documentation, improvements of the organisation, career development plans, and also the designing, developing of plans to bring about the improvements within the organisation. Also, consultants work with the clients and learn their requirements, make the project plans and also work on the tasks and value added solution. Change management is a professional job and it is best left to individuals with the expertise for it. Need for Change: Strategic change involves a number of changes to the organisation as a whole. Hence before an organisation decides to make a strategic change to itself, a few questions and areas need to be considered. These include the following: Firstly, is the organization a start up business? If yes, then implementing a strategic change is crucial and is a necessity rather than a luxury. The strategic change plan helps identify the business plan and also helps in linking all other elements like marketing plan, financial plans, management plans and also communication plans together (Smith, Vasudevan and Tanniru). Secondly, the next question that the company needs to ask itself is, Are we planning for a new major venture? Here if the company is opting for a major venture like product expansion or brand extensions, new department or division etc, then it is crucial for the businesses to implement strategic change. Is the company due for the annual strategic plan update? If so, it is crucial that the company has the strategic change plan developed and set as well. Companies need to focus on the various performance meters within the organisation and k eep a tab on the trends. This will help the company determine whether or not a change management is necessary or not. Strategic Objectives: The rationale and objectives for any change management program are important aspects. Objectives are in most cases specific and achievable and in most cases these objectives are the most

Career in Pharmaceutical Sales Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Career in Pharmaceutical Sales - Research Paper Example Many of the decisions that pharmacists make are life and death ones, and so we require a strong code of ethics from them and the people who supply them with their products (Altilio, 2009). Like many other important professions, drug salespeople are respected but they are also held to high standards.   I work very well in team situations and have always developed a good rapport with peers, co-workers, professors and employers. While I highly enjoy teamwork I also have the motivation and knowledge to work efficiently and independently on major projects. I work extremely well under pressure and have always been able to put my best forward and receive top results.  These are important qualities in a sales professional. Sales can be a high-pressure, high-stress field and you have to work very hard at it to make a go of it (Appelbe, 2005). Another important aspect of pharmaceutical sales is travel. You need to cover a lot of ground and meet a lot of people. I have a good sense of geography and can fit in in many unique situations. You have to charm them and make them want to buy the product. But more than that you have to be credible and knowledgeable. You have to understand the position that pharmacy managers and pharmacists are in. Their profession can be high stress and they will want to ensure that the products they receive are the best (Kevin, 2001). Fortunately, I am good at all of these things.    In life, one has to fight and work hard in order to get ahead. I have always been a hard worker and a person who is dedicated to improving myself through academic study and work as well as everyday experience.   I respond to setbacks by working even harder and increasing my determination.    I possess the intellectual commitment and compassionate interest to make this a satisfying and successful vocation. I truly want to leave my mark on the world by helping others. I realize this will not be an

The role of society in human life in the Confucian, and Taoist belief Term Paper

The role of society in human life in the Confucian, and Taoist belief systems - Term Paper Example Though quite alike, the differences in the role of society in Confucian versus Taoist beliefs are most strongly focused around how interpersonal relationships are cultivated, structured and developed. The basic notion of Confucianism is the achievement of jen, which is developing a sympathetic concern for other human beings in society. Loyal and moral relationships act as the foundation for quality socialization under this philosophy. The Confucian Golden Rule is to treat others as you yourself would be treated (Henslin, 547). These basic beliefs related to jen are noticeable in the professional and personal lifestyles of those who have molded their value systems around traditional Confucian beliefs. In the workplace, Confucian values drive progressive policies that gain commitment and support from lower-level employees through a transformational leadership design. For example, wise thought and action for leader roles includes corporate citizenship and philanthropy, democratization of the workplace through less control systems, and maintaining an ethical model of behavior (Hays, 78). In societies where business leaders maintain Confucianism as the heart of their lifestyle beliefs , decentralized decision-making hierarchies are present and employees are much more engaged in development programs, thereby being more committed to achieving business goals. At the interpersonal level, life in Confucian belief systems involves having a duty and responsibility for others. In particular, friendships and family are significantly important. In family and social relationships, tolerance, establishment of mutual dialogue, and new innovative thoughts in replacement of old methods are embraced (Zhang & Veenhoven, 428). To be actively involved in social relationships when carrying a Confucian value system means to reflect upon the self each day, searching for

Diabetes Mellitus: Causes And Effect

Diabetes Mellitus: Causes And Effect Diabetes Mellitus is considered one of the major health threats diseases that affect people nowadays. It affects both genders male and female within different age group. However, it is mainly occurs as a result of insulin secretion disorder. Every person is different, so Diabetes Mellitus treatment will be tailored to needs. There are lists of common drugs prescribed in Bahrain clinics which are along with a proper diet and exercise help in controls high glucose level in the blood and also help in reduce complication of Diabetes Mellitus such as kidney damage, eye blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes Mellitus also reduces the risk of a stroke and heart attacks. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic medical condition, mean in controlled it is restore life time. There are two major type of Diabetes Mellitus known as type 1(IDDM) or Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and type 2 (NIDM). This topic was selected to obtain more details regardin g this disease to help people in elevate their knowledge and awareness about Diabetes Mellitus prevention to reduce its complication. This paper on Diabetes Mellitus in both genders will include general information of the disease, symptoms, causes and risk factors of Diabetes Mellitus. Finally, the effects, treatment and prevention of the disease will also be considered in this paper. Types of Diabetes Mellitus There are two main kinds of Diabetes Mellitus are type 1(IDDN), type 2 (NIDM), and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus considered as a hired type only during pregnancy. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes or Juvenile diabetes, it is usually diagnosed in children and teenagers. In this kind of diabetes, the beta cell of the pancreas failed in produce insulin because the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s immune system has attacked and destroyed them. Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes taking insulin shots or using an insulin pump, diet healthy food, regular exercise, control blood pressure and cholesterol. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes, formerly known adult-onset or non insulin dependent diabetes most common kind of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even childhood. This form of diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not utilized insulin properly. At first, the pancreas adjusts with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, control healthy diet, regular exercise, control blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Some women develop gestational diabetes late in pregnancy peroid. Although this Kind of diabetes usually disappear after the baby is born, a woman who has had gestational diabetes is at risk to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Gestational diabetes is caused by the hormones of pregnancy or deficiency of insulin. Signs and symptoms The early symptoms of untreated diabetes are related to elevated blood glucose levels, and loss of glucose in the urine. Increase glucose in the urine cause excessive urine output which lead to dehydration. Dehydration causes increased of thirst and water consumption. The inability of insulin to perform normally has effects on protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin is an anabolic hormone, that is, encourages storage of fat and protein. Insulin deficiency leads to weight loss despite an increase in appetite. Some un treated diabetes patients also complain of fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Patients with diabetes are easily developing infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas. Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can cause blurred vision. Extremely elevation of glucose levels can lead to lethargy and coma. The inability of insulin to perform normally has effects on protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Causes and effects of drugs for diabetes Diabetes mellitus is major health problem in whole world nowadays. It has been affecting both sexes; males and females with in all age group. Infarct, there are certain causes that lead people to use anti high per glycemia medications for type 2 and human insulin for type1, like heredity, social status and psychological condition. In addition, there are also certain effects resulted from misused of diabetes drug such as complications of diseases. To begin with, there are several causes that lead people to become diabetes mellitus. .First of all, many people get diabetes mellitus because of heredity. For example, genetic and hormonal problem lead people to get type2 and specially type 1 diabetes mellitus. The life style of some people also plays a role in being diabetes mellitus type2.If people do not practice enough or proper exercise and they are not aware of the quality and quantity of the food, they will certainly end up in raising their blood glucose. Last but not least, the psychological condition has a great influence on some people to become diabetes mellitus specially those who suffer from certain emotional or stress problems. As a result of above, there are certain effects that might result from being diabetes mellitus. To start with, diabetes people always suffer from some diseases such as blindness to, kidney failure, disease atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and strokes. Genetic Risk Factor Diabetes Mellitus has grater risk among type 1 (Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus) whose parent or relative side have history of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), (David K, 2008). Social Risk Factor The life style of some people also plays a role in being diabetes mellitus type2.If people do not practice enough or proper exercise and they are not aware of the quality and quantity of the food. There also another risk factor which is over weight or obesity which play a big role in Diabetes Mellitus especially type 2 (NIDM). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Risk Factor Women who have gestational diabetes during their pregnancy are more prone to get diabetes Mellitus type 2 (NIDM) in future. And complication of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus lead to get big birth baby weight, defect of lung surfactant which cause a respiratory distress syndrome , shoulder dystocia , and cesarean suction delivery to prevent further complication of both mother and baby. Diabetes Mellitus diagnostics Test The fasting blood glucose test is the way to diagnose diabetes after the person has fasten overnight for eight hours, a sample of blood collection for analysis .Normal fasting blood glucose is lower than (100 mg/dl) which call A/C sugar and if A/C sugar is higher than 126 mg/dl on two or more test on different days is diagnosed as diabetes. Then had breakfast and after two hours second blood sample which known P/C sugar or random sugar , a blood glucose level around 200( mg/dl) or high indicate as diabetes. HBA1C Test This test is usedfor diagnosis, an elevated level of glucose irreversibly bound hemoglobin (termed glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c) of 6.0% or higher is known as abnormal finding by most hospitals laboratories. HBA1C is a therapy and treatment test which reflects blood picture of glucose level over preceding ninety days is the average lifetime or red blood cell which consists of hemoglobin; some doctors request this type of test during diagnosis to evaluate changes of HBA1C, the range recommended for glycated hemoglobin is 6.5% in diabetes patient. Complication of Diabetes Mellitus Kidney Complications in diabetes Diabetes affect kidney and it normal function, the urine test done to measure the quantity of the protein (albumin) in urine that is to determine kidney function affected by the especially kidney filteration, presence albumin is early indicator of kidney complication is a nephropathy. the regular checkup especially for type one diabetes mellitus after five years from diagnosis and for type two at the time of diagnosis and if the test show presence of protein in the urine preventive measures should be considered . Hypertension and related complication in diabetes Most diabetes clients complain of high blood pressure, elevation of blood pressure stresses the cardiovascular system, by causesing some symptoms which helped to increase development of diabetic complications such as kidney and eye. High blood pressure diagnose by measuring blood pressure on a regular basis. Normal reading is 130/80. Diabetic people who are not suffer of kidney complication to reduce blood pressure 120/75 as well as for people complain of kidney complication. Cardiovascular Complications There are certain factors helped to increase cardiovascular complication such as smoking cigarettes, uncontrol blood pressure, highperlipidemia and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle stresses increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack), angina (chest pain), stroke, and death. Retinopathy Complications It is amicrovascular disease with no signs or symptoms, and I is common disease cause blindness in diabetes mellitus both types 1 and type 2.which detected by retinal examination, by proper treatment, well control blood glucose level and early detection help to prevent loss of vision. Neuropathy Complictions It is a microvascular disease as a result of nerve ischemia, the nerve function affect due to increase glucose level in the blood. There are different types such as autonomic, neuropathy mononeuropathy, radiculopathy and symmetric polyneuropathy (with small- and large-fiber variants). The common type is the symmetric polyneuropathy which affect distal hand and feet. It manifests as, paresthesisa, dysesthesias, orapainless of sense touch and vipration. And the symptoms of lower extremities as follow cause foot traumma froil-fitting shoes and abnormal weight bearing which cause foot ulceration and infection or fracture. (Jill. P, 2007). Treatments Controlling blood sugar is necessary to avoid future complications of Diabetes Mellitus there are certain ways of treatments help to control elevation of blood glucose level will start now with medication that used in diabetes mellitus management first of all is: Insulin therapy Insulin is use as treatment in both types of diabetes mellitus especially for type one which works as insulin replacement therapy. There are several types of insulin help in control high blood sugar , the most common types such as Actropid , NPH , Lantus and Novopen insulin . And the more popular types of oral hypoglycemia like for example tablet Metaformin 500 mg and 1000 mg, tablet Dionail 5 mg and 10 mg and table 30 mg. Exercise Therapy Program Physical activity helps in transportation of sugar in to the body cell, which is use for energy the more use of exercise help to reduce high blood sugar, and makes the insulin receptors or cells more sensitive to the hormone thus improves the utilization of available glucose more over it is also improve blood circulation and cardiovascular fitness, reduced blood hyperlipedemia. Physical activity also promotes weight reduction and help to reduce tension and stress. Foot Care Prevention Program Diabetes Mellitus affect blood circulation which leads reduction of blood supply to lower extremities and that change put the feet at high risk to develop potential complications. foot complications are more common regarding diabetes mellitus patient ,for that health care providers instruct diabetes patients to do home self examination to their foot. Foot Self Exam Advise Diabetes Mellitus people to examine their feet daily, full feet and especially between the toes. And to look for any cut wound, ulcer and broken skin or change color this examination can be done during bath time. A mirror can help in examination or one of family member. In conclusion there are certain causes and risk factors that lead to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem, and considered to be silent illnesses which affect all body parts .Therefore people should be aware their illness and it is complication and also identified the types of diabetes mellitus with some common types of medication. Finally, show also the causes and effects of the disease and how to diagnose the disease.

Mother Loves Me :: essays papers

Mother Loves Me Children usually form a powerful and unseparable bond with their family. These fortunate angels get all the love and attention they call for. But for children less fortunate, they are also in need of love and care. For example, Jerry, a twelve year old orphan in the short story A Mother in Mannville by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, had experienced his young life without a family. He was sent to the orphanage at the age of four. However, as he started to spend time with the writer who lived in a cabin below the mountains, Jerry felt a great maternal affection towards her. They became very close and, hence, developed a strong relationship between them. For Jerry and all children, a child's true wish is for their mother's love. A period of time after Jerry had been with the writer, he developed a strong affection towards her. One night, sitting with the woman in front of the warm fire, Jerry became sentimental, telling her that she looked a little like his mother. He told a moving story about his mother, who lived in Mannville, and how she always sent gifts to him on Christmas and on his birthdays. But the story was later revealed that Jerry never had a "mother in Mannville." He fabricated the lie because he loved the writer just as much as he would love his own mother. Jerry felt that the woman was very close to him, and being with her gave him a warm feeling-a feeling like home. Even the writer's dog, Pat, was intimate and never barked at him. To Jerry, the writer and Pat were a part of his life. If Jerry never felt this kind of motherly love from the woman, he would not have lied about his "mother in Mannville." In other words, if the writer was not as nice and understanding, Jerry would not have lied. He would never want a mother who does not care about him. When Jerry lied about his mother, he wanted the writer to realize that he was really referring to her as his "mother." There was no distance between them and Jerry always felt safe and comfortable to talk to her. But if Jerry never sensed the passion and

Preparation and Sn1 Reactivity of 2-Bromobutane

Preparation and SN1 Reactivity of 2-Bromobutane Whitney Bellido Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160 Submitted: April 4th, 2013 Introduction The overall goal of this experiment is to understand and be familiar of SN1 reactivity. We also learned how to prepare 2-Bromobutane by learning how to distill and extract this product from its organic layer. Finally, another goal was to specifically understand the relative reactivity of alkyl halides under SN1 conditions by reacting the alkyl halide and silver nitrate in ethanol.Results and Discussion The Overall Reaction The Proposed Mechanism Experimental Procedure To prepare the 2-Bromobutane you must fill a 100 mL round bottom flask with 20 mL of 12M sulfuric acid and 7. 4 mL of 2-butanol. Then add 8. 0 g of ammonium bromide along with a magnetic stir bar. Then attach the flask to the apparatus, which is mounted on a Thermowell over a stirrer and a condenser attached to it, along with the thermometer in the flask. Then the mixture was heated at 90oC then kept at the range of 90oC-100oC for 30 minutes.When that is completed add 20 mL of water into the flask to perform a simple distillation to collect the distillate in a graduated cylinder, keep doing this until there is no more 2-Bromobutane collected. Use a Pasteur pipette to draw off the organic layer to another container. Add the potassium carbonate to allow the liquid to dry by swirling it. Once this is completed the reactivity of alkyl halides under SN1 conditions was tested. Adding two drops of our product and the other different compounds into different test tubes along with 1mL of ethanolic silver nitrate reagent.We are comparing these by seeing how they react and if there is no reaction after 5 minutes we will place the test tubes in a beaker of water that is heated at a temperature of 70oC-80oC and observe what happens. Experimental Stoichiometry Compound| Molecular Weight| Quantity| Moles| 2-Butanol| 74. 122 g/mol| 7. 41 mL (6. 01 g)| 0. 081| Sulfuric Acid| 98. 079 g/mol| 20. 1 mL| 0. 242| Ammonium Bromide | 97. 94 g/mol| 8. 02 g| 0. 082| The limiting reagent is the 2-Butanol. Yield Data Product Name| 2-Bromobutane | Molecular Weight| 137. 02 g/mol| Boiling Point Range| 89Â °C-91Â °C|Theoretical Yield (Moles)| 0. 081 moles| Theoretical Yield (grams)| 11. 09 grams| Actual Yield (grams)| 6. 84 grams| Actual Yield (moles)| 0. 05 moles| Percent Yield| 62%| NMR table Signal| Chemical Shift (ppm)| Multiplicity | Integration | A| 4. 1 ppm| Sextet| 1| B| 1. 85 ppm| Pentet| 2| C| 1. 7 ppm| Doublet| 3| D| 1. 05 ppm| Triplet| 3| Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Compound| Room Temperature| Heating| 1-Bromobutane | After 30 seconds, the mixture was a cloudy whitish color but no precipitate formed| After 5 minutes, it changed into a yellow color with precipitate formed. 2-Bromobutane | After 30 seconds, the mixture was a light yellowish color and a precipitate formed instantly. | Not Heated| 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane| After 30 seconds, the mixture was yellow and a precipitate formed instantly. | Not Heated | Compound| Room Temperature| Heating| 1-Chlorobutane | After 30 seconds, the mixture was clear. | After 5 minutes, the color changed slightly to white and lightly cloudy. | 2-Bromobutane | After 30 seconds, the mixture was a white cloudy color and formed a precipitate instantly. Not Heated| 2-Iodobutane| After 30 seconds, the mixture was yellow and precipitated instantly. | Not Heated| Conclusion In conclusion, the SN1 reaction of 2-Bromobutane was performed. According to the Yield Data table, when the actual yield and theoretical yield are calculated we can get the percent yield, which was 62%. At least this number was higher than 50%; I can understand how this could have happened. When I was drying the reagent with potassium carbonate, prior to that I had put the other pellets, which were calcium chloride on accident.This probably affected my percent yield also with the fact that the temper ature was not well maintained it kept fluctuating under 90OC. According to the reactivity of alkyl halides, the results of these tables can concluded the theories of the conditions of SN1 reactions. The first table states that the tertiary carbocation are more stable which allows this reaction to perform faster than second and primary structured carbocations. Then the second table can concludes that iodine is the best leaving group because it is a much weaker base than the bromide ion and chloride ion causing it to react faster.

Philosophy and Critical Thinking Skills

What Is Your Philosophy Georgette Duropan PHL/215 April 11,2012 Ryan Shriver What Is Your Philosophy? According to â€Å"Merriam Webster† (2012), Epistemology is the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge, especially with reference to its limits and validity. In my essay I will give you a description about the approaches to philosophical questions for each of the major philosophical areas of inquiry, and explanation of how philosophy and culture interact in the development of thought.I will also give an explanation of why the selected philosophy best describes my identification of cultural factors that influenced my choice of philosophy. The Divisions of Philosophy falls into four areas, such as Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics (moral philosophy, social philosophy, political philosophy, and aesthetics), and Logic. Metaphysics has more to do with being or existence. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge and wants to know the truth. Ethics covers four differ ent areas. Moral philosophy is the study of moral judgments.Social philosophy is the study of society and its institutions. Political philosophy focuses on the state and seeks to determine, proper organization. Aesthetics, study of art, and of value judgment. Making a statement to me will get me to use my critical thinking skills. I for one do one believe everything I am told until sold proof, facts, or reasoning have been proven. This falls into the same perspective on how philosophy and culture interact in the development of thought. How people choose to use their words when trying to explain something to me makes a big difference.Often times I can mistakenly misinterpret what the speaker is trying to say. In other words, something cannot be a true fact and a false fact in a sentence. I call this contradicting. However, two people coming from two different backgrounds or from two different cultures might say the same thing but mean the opposite. Using your critical thinking skills on how explanation of how philosophy and culture interact in the development of thought needs to be dug into and come out with solid proof, facts, or reasoning behind the statement.The major philosophical area of inquiry that best describes me is Epistemology. As I have mentioned above I am the kind of person where I need to have solid proof, facts, or reasoning before I believe something someone is trying to tell me. Because Epistemology is the theory of knowledge questions related to Epistemology are What is truth? and Is it possible to know anything with absolute certainty? The more you know, the more you are able to learn and grow.Knowledge is power. Epistemology has to do a lot on how one thinks. When I think I like to go deep into though, therefore; I rely on my own experiences as a reference. If I had none the only way to find out the truth is to experience it for my self. Some cultural factors that influenced my choice of philosophy specifically Epistemology is the Japanese cultural. For the New Year’s Japanese believes that consuming noodles will give you a long live because the noodles are longs.Although this is not a proven factor I do see a lot of older Japanese people consuming noodles. These people look healthy and strong therefore I just believed that noodles does give you along life. Another cultural factor that influenced my choice is the Filipino culture. My husband is pure Filipino and is originally from the Philippines. His mother, my mother in law told me that saving the first washing of the rice and use that first washing of the rice water to water the orchids will help sustain the life of the orchid plant.Because I am the kind of person that needs to have things proven to me I asked my mother in law to water one orchid with regular water and another orchid with the first washing of the rice water. Both orchids were of the same family of orchid types. After two months the orchid that was watered with the first washing of the rice produce two times as much more flowers then the regular watered orchid and the flowers from the first washing of the rice lasted about two times longer.Some may think that this is coincidence, however; after continuously watering the orchids with the first washing of the rice water versus regular results have spoken for itself. In conclusion, I discussed the definition of Epistemology, the approaches to philosophical questions for each of the major philosophical areas of inquiry, and explanation of how philosophy and culture interact in the development of thought.And I also gave an explanation of why the selected philosophy best describes my identification of cultural factors that influenced my choice of philosophy. Wanting to have solid proof, facts, or reasoning behind a question that is given is not a bad thing. This just shows that you obtaining answering behind a question will give you more knowledge. Knowledge is power! References Merriam webster. (2012). Retrieved from http:/ /www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/epistemology

bad science essays

bad science essays I have a cousin who's little girl, Christina was born mentally impaired; she, at the age of 7 has no mental functions despite those of a very basic nature. She has total congenital hearing failure; she cannot speak. It is incredibly frustrating to communicate to this unfortunate waif of a child. To supplement the ever increasing costs of care for her, my cousin and her husband have agreed to, on alternate weekends provide a medical lab with a fascinating research subject; a real live little girl. Last weekend, they inserted a tube into her throat via an incision, and fed her with poisonous chemicals until she convulsed. One summer afternoon, she was restrained to a surgical table, and had her skull split open and vital nerves disconnected-just out of curiosity. She was temporarily blinded from this experiment. They like to starve her half to death to see how she will react; one time they locked her in a cage that was electrically wired to shock her when she moved- behavior modification they called it. She now is suffering from a deadly virus she has been injected with. Well, they reason, she can't speak to us, she can't understand us when we speak to her, she'll certainly never go to college, give us beautiful, normal grandchildren....who's really being hurt here? If she were in pain, she'd tell us. Well, obviously, this is a gross exaggeration. This will never happen to a human child. We are sacred. This is life you may not touch with a surgical instrument for no reason. This is life that may not be poisoned to death, slowly, or tortured in a sadistic laboratory ritual. World-renowned lecturer and author Peter Singer refers to this as "speciesism". Inflicting pain on a living creature, and then justifying it because it is not a human being. These atrocities happen hourly. Household names, protectors of our hardwood furniture and patrons of our tartar-free smiles inflict this agony with our consent to puppi...

British English vs. American English

British English vs. American English Playwright George Bernard Shaw once claimed, England and America are two countries divided by a common language. Since the Americas were colonized over 400 years ago, the form of English used in the United States has deviated from that used in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the form of English used in the United Kingdom is called British English, and the form of English used in the United States is called American English.During the course of writing, you may be asked to write in your non-native format. For example, some academic journals require articles to be formatted in a particular style. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the ways in which the two forms differ. It is also important to point out that the differences in style extend beyond what your spell check may highlight. This article will address the differences between the two forms, including spelling, punctuation, grammar, vocabulary, idioms, and formatting of dates and numbers.SpellingFor spelling issues, the safe st option is to consult a dictionary. Use the Oxford Dictionary for British English and the Merriam Webster Dictionary for American English. A few common differences are listed below.American English or vs. British English our:Examples include color/colour and favorite/favourite.American English ze vs. British English se:Examples include analyze/analyse and criticize/criticise.American English ll vs. British English l:Examples include enrollment/enrolment and skillful/skillful.American English er vs. British English re:Examples include center/centre and meter/metre.American English e vs. British English oe or ae:Examples include encyclopedia/encyclopaedia and maneuver/manoeuvre.PunctuationThe most important difference involves the use of quotation marks. Double quotation marks are used as primary quotes in American English, whereas single quotation marks are used in British English.For quotes within quotes, single quotation marks are used in American English, and double quotations m arks are used in British English.To add to the confusion, periods and commas are generally placed inside closing quotes in American English and placed outside closing quotes in British English. In both styles, question marks and exclamation points are placed inside the quotation marks if they belong to the quotation and outside otherwise.The following sentences highlight the key differences.My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (American English)My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (British English)Another difference appears in letter writing. In American English, a comma follows the salutation in an informal letter (Dear John,), and a colon follows the salutation in a business letter (Dear John:). In British English, a comma follows the salutation in all letters.Writers should also be careful when using the term i.e. as the punctuation that follows also differs. In American English, a comma follows i.e. or e.g. No comma is used in British English.Abbr eviations may also be expressed differently. In American English, a period is typically used with abbreviations (Ph.D and Mr.), but in British English, no period is used (PhD and Mr).Finally, it is also worthwhile to note that ( ) marks are referred to as brackets in British English. In American English, ( ) marks are referred to as parentheses (singular parenthesis), whereas [ ] are called brackets.GrammarWill/ShallIn British English, it is fairly common to use shall with the first person to talk about the future. Americans rarely use shall.I will never forget this favour. (American English)I shall/will never forget this favour. (British English)Collective NounsCollective nouns like jury, team, family, and government can take both singular and plural verbs in British English. In American English, they normally take a singular verb.The committee meets tomorrow. (American English)The committee meets/meet tomorrow. (British English)VocabularyThe greatest difference between the two for ms may be in vocabulary. Some differences in usage and/or meaning can cause confusion or embarrassment:Apartment vs. FlatArea code vs. Dialing codeATM vs. CashpointBaby carriage vs. PramBathroom vs. Loo/water closetCookie vs. BiscuitElevator vs. LifePeriod vs. Full stopThere are also a few differences in preposition use, including the following:American English on the weekend vs. British English at the weekendAmerican English on a team vs. British English in a teamIdiomsThere are a number of English idioms that have essentially the same meaning but show lexical differences between the American and British version, for instance:Knock on wood vs. Touch woodA drop in the bucket vs. A drop in the oceanBeating a dead horse vs. Flogging a dead horseLay of the land vs. Lie of the landDates and numbersIn American English, the date is expressed as April 17, 1978. Conversely, in British English, the date is expressed as 17 April 1978.The time may also be expressed differently in British Engli sh since the 24-hour clock (18:00 or 1800) is routinely used in the UK and Europe in applications including air, rail, and bus timetables; however, it is largely unused in the US outside of military, police, and medical applications.Finally, in most cases, British English and American English can be used interchangeably. However, in formal writing, it is important to know the distinctions and apply them appropriately.